Henri Julien Félix Rousseau (21 May 1844 – 2 September 1910) was a French post-impressionist painter in the Naïve or Primitive manner.
He was also known as Le Douanier (the customs officer), a humorous description of his occupation as a toll and tax collector.
He started painting seriously in his early forties; by age 49, he retired from his job to work on his art full-time.
Ridiculed during his lifetime by critics, he came to be recognized as a self-taught genius whose works are of high artistic quality.
Rousseau's work exerted an extensive influence on several generations of avant-garde artists.