Mario Mafai (12 February 1902 - 31 March 1965) was an Italian painter. With his wife Antonietta Raphaël he founded the modern art movement called the Scuola Romana, or Roman school.
Mafai left school very early, preferring to attend, with Scipione, the Accademia di Belle Arti di Roma.
His influences in those years were Roman galleries and museums, and the Fine Arts Library at Palazzo Venezia.