Twentieth-century art - and what it became as modern art - began with modernism in the late nineteenth century.
Nineteenth-century movements of Post-Impressionism (Les Nabis), Art Nouveau and Symbolism led to the first twentieth-century art movements of Fauvism in France and Die Brücke ("The Bridge") in Germany.
Fauvism in Paris introduced heightened non-representational colour into figurative painting.
Die Brücke strove for emotional Expressionism.
Henri Matisse | Woman on a Terrace, 1907 | Hermitage Museum St. Petersburg |