Romanian Art History and Sitemap

Romanian art consists of the visual and plastic arts (including Romanian architecture, woodwork, textiles and ceramics) originating from the geographical area of Romania.

The production of art in Romania is as old as the Paleolithic, an example being a cave painting from the Cuciulat Cave (Sălaj County).

During the Neolithic, multiple cultures lived on the modern territory of Romania.

Their material culture included pottery and abstract clay statuettes decorated with geometric patterns.

These may give hints on the way these civilizations used to dress and maybe tattoo.

Demetre Chiparus | Art Déco sculptor

Scottish Art History and Sitemap

Scottish art is the body of visual art made in what is now Scotland, or about Scottish subjects, since prehistoric times.

It forms a distinctive tradition within European art, but the political union with England has led its partial subsumation in British art.

The earliest examples of art from what is now Scotland are highly decorated carved stone balls from the Neolithic period.

From the Bronze Age there are examples of carvings, including the first representations of objects, and cup and ring marks.

Stanley Cursiter | Post-Impressionist painter

Post-Impressionism | Art History and Sitemap

Breaking free of the naturalism of Impressionism in the late 1880s, a group of young painters sought independent artistic styles for expressing emotions rather than simply optical impressions, concentrating on themes of deeper symbolism.

Through the use of simplified colors and definitive forms, their art was characterized by a renewed aesthetic sense as well as abstract tendencies.

Vincent van Gogh | The Starry Night, 1889 | MoMA, Museum of Modern Art

Finnish Art History and Sitemap

Hugo Simberg | The Wounded Angel, 1903 | The Finnish National Gallery

Finnish art started to form its individual characteristics in the 19th century, when romantic nationalism began to rise in the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland.

Prehistoric art

Marks of human activity in Finland has found in Susiluola, Kristinestad.

Some excavation has been considered as a man-made over 100,000 years ago.

After the Ice Age, area of Finland was resettled at around 9,000 years ago and first known sculpture Elk's Head of Huittinen (picture in stamp) has been dated about 5-7000 BCE.

Vietnamese Art History and Sitemap

Vietnamese art is visual art that, whether ancient or modern, originated in or is practiced in Vietnam or by Vietnamese artists.

Vietnamese art has a long and rich history, the earliest examples of which date back as far as the Stone Age around 8,000 BCE.

With the millennium of Chinese domination starting in the 2nd century BC, Vietnamese art undoubtedly absorbed many Chinese influences, which would continue even following independence from China in the 10th century AD.

Le Thi Luu | Impressionist painter

La Belle Époque

La Belle Époque is a period of French and European history, usually considered to begin around 1871-1880 and to end with the outbreak of World War I in 1914.

Occurring during the era of the Third French Republic, it was a period characterised by optimism, regional peace, economic prosperity, colonial expansion, and technological, scientific, and cultural innovations.

In this era of France's cultural and artistic climate (particularly within Paris), the arts markedly flourished, with numerous masterpieces of literature, music, theatre, and visual art gaining extensive recognition.

Jean Béraud | Seaside Café, 1884 | The Clark Art Institute

Norwegian Art History and Sitemap

For much of its history Norwegian art is usually considered as part of the wider Nordic art of Scandinavia. It has, especially since about 1100, been strongly influenced by wider trends in European art.

After World War II, the influence of the United States strengthened substantially. Due to generous art subsidies, contemporary Norwegian art has a high production per capita.

Though usually not especially a major centre for art production or exporter of art, Norway has been relatively successful in keeping its art; in particular, the relatively mild nature of the Norwegian Reformation, and the lack of subsequent extensive rebuilding and redecoration of churches, has meant that with other Scandinavian countries, Norway has unusually rich survivals of medieval church paintings and fittings.

Edvard Munch | The Scream, 1893

Chilean Art History and Sitemap

Chilean art refers to all kinds of visual art developed in Chile, or by Chileans, from the arrival of the Spanish conquerors to the modern day. It also includes the native pre-Columbian pictorial expression on modern Chilean territory.

Pre-Columbian art

Ceramics were the greatest artistic contribution of the northern peoples. These examples of Diaguita ceramics show this people's fascination with geometric figures.

Prehistoric painting in Chile, also called pre-Columbian Chilean painting, refers to any type of painting or painting technique used to represent objects or people during the period before the Spanish conquest.

Developed prior to the existence of written sources, study of this period is based on the material remains and vestiges of the cultures that developed.

Mario Irarràzabal | La Mano del Desierto / The Hand of the Desert, 1992

19th century Art | Sitemap

From Realism to early Modernism, the 19th century gave birth to a variety of artistic movements.

The Realism and Romanticism of the early 19th century gave way to Impressionism and Post-Impressionism in the later half of the century, with Paris being the dominant art capital of the world. In the United States the Hudson River School was prominent.

Camille Claudel, Debussy and La Valse, 1891

The Luminist Movement (1850-1875)

Luminism, late 19th-century painting style emphasizing a unique clarity of light.

It was characteristic of the works of a group of independent American painters who were directly influenced by the Hudson River school of painting.

The term, however, was not coined until 1954 by John Baur, director of the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York City.

The most important painters in the luminist style were John Frederick Kensett, Fitz Hugh Lane, and Martin Johnson Heade; the group also included George Tirrell, Henry Walton, and J.W. Hill.

Tutt'Art@ | Pittura * Scultura * Poesia * Musica

Creata nel 2011, la Tutt'Art@ | Pittura * Scultura * Poesia * Musica - aggiornata giornalmente - rappresenta una esposizione di vari generi artistici, di cui pittura, scultura, fotografia d’autore, poesia e musica.

Il nostro progetto nasce dalle nuove esigenze dell’epoca in cui viviamo.

A determinare questo avvenimento epocale è sicuramente l’internet, questo straordinario strumento che collega in pochi istanti l’intera umanità.

Oggi internet è considerato prevalentemente come uno strumento editoriale e quasi tutti i siti, i portali, i blog, i forum sono orientati alla produzione ed alla comunicazione.

Con questo strumento, gli autori stanno creando i propri spazi virtuali, dove espongono le proprie creazioni, dando vita alle gallerie ed alle vendite on-line.

Hungarian Art History and Sitemap

Miklós Ligeti | Impressionist /Realist sculptor

Hungarian art has been both stunted and spurred on by pivotal historical events.

King Stephen’s conversion to Catholicism brought Romanesque and Gothic art and architecture, while the Turkish occupation nipped Hungary’s Renaissance in the bud.

The Habsburgs opened the doors wide to baroque influences. The arts thrived under the Dual Monarchy, through Trianon and even under fascism. Under communism much money was spent on classical music and 'correct' theatre. Under current economic conditions funding for the arts is being slashed.

Flemish Art History and Sitemap

Peter Paul Rubens | Old Woman and Boy with Candles, 1616-1617

Flemish painting flourished from the early 15th century until the 17th century, gradually becoming distinct from the painting of the rest of the Low Countries, especially the modern Netherlands.

In the early period, up to about 1520, the painting of the whole area is (especially in the Anglophone world) typically considered as a whole, as Early Netherlandish painting.

This was dominated by the Flemish south, but painters from the north were also important.

Swiss Art History and Sitemap

Alberto Giacometti | Surrealist/Existentialist/Figure sculptor

Switzerland lies at the crossroads of several major European cultures. Three of the continent's major languages, German, French and Italian, are national languages of Switzerland, along with Romansh, spoken by a small minority.

Therefore, Swiss culture is characterized by diversity, which is reflected in a wide range of traditional customs. The 26 cantons also account for the large cultural diversity.

Mexican Art History and Sitemap

Frida Kahlo | You rain on me - I sky you, | Tu mi piovi - Io ti cielo, 1947

Various types of visual arts developed in the geographical area now known as Mexico.

The development of these arts roughly follows the history of Mexico, divided into the pre hispanic Mesoamerican era, the colonial period, with the period after Mexican War of Independence, the development Mexican national identity through art in the nineteenth century, and the florescence of modern Mexican art after the Mexican Revolution (1910-1920).

Russian Art History and Sitemap

Early Russian painting is represented in icons and vibrant frescos.

In the early 15th century, the master icon painter Andrei Rublev created some of Russia's most treasured religious art.

The Russian Academy of Arts, which was established in 1757, to train Russian artists, brought Western techniques of secular painting to Russia.

In the 18th century, academicians Ivan Argunov, Dmitry Levitzky, Vladimir Borovikovsky became influential.

Dutch Art History and Sitemap

Johannes Vermeer | The Allegory of Painting, 1666 | Art in Detail

Dutch art describes the history of visual arts in the Netherlands, after the United Provinces separated from Flanders.

Earlier painting in the area is covered in Early Netherlandish painting and Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting.

The history of Dutch art is dominated by the Dutch Golden Age painting, mostly of about 1620-1680, when a very distinct style and new types of painting were developed, though still keeping close links with Flemish Baroque painting.

Mannerism Art History and Sitemap

Giuseppe Arcimboldo | The librarian

Mannerism is a style in European art that emerged in the later years of the Italian High Renaissance around 1520, lasting until about 1580 in Italy, when the Baroque style began to replace it. Northern Mannerism continued into the early 17th century.

Stylistically, Mannerism encompasses a variety of approaches influenced by, and reacting to, the harmonious ideals associated with artists such as Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and early Michelangelo.

Brazilian Art History and Sitemap

José Ferraz de Almeida Júnior | Realist Genre painter

The creation of art in the geographic area now known as Brazil begins with the earliest records of its human habitation.

The original inhabitants of the land, pre-Columbian Indian peoples, produced various forms of art; specific cultures like the Marajoara left sophisticated painted pottery.

19th-20th century Artists | Sitemap

Camille Claudel | L’Abandon, 1988-1905

List of 19th-20th century Artists and artistic movements definition

19th-20th century Art

• 19th-20th century Artists | Sitemap
• Abbott Fuller Graves | Impressionist painter - Nuovo!!
• Adolphe Valette | Urban landscapes of Manchester
• Alexandre-Louis Jacob | Landscape painter
• Alphonse Osbert | Symbolist / Pointillist painter