The Sphinx of Naxos, also Sphinx of the Naxians, now in the Archaeological Museum of Delphi, is a 2.22 meter tall marble statue of a sphinx, a mythical creature with the head of a woman, the chest and wings composed of the impressive feathers of a prey bird turned upward, and the body of a lioness.
The Sphinx stood on a 10 meter column that culminated in one of the first Ionic capitals, and was erected next to the Temple of Apollo in Delphi, the religious center of Ancient Greece, in 560 BCE.
The first fragments were excavated from the sanctuary of the Temple of Apollo in 1860. The remainder was found in 1893.
It was originally set up on a stele around 560 BC as a votive offering to the Temple of Apollo by Naxos, one of the richest Cycladic islands at the time.
The overall height of the statue, the column and its base topped 12.5 meters.
The Greek sphinx, a lion with the face of a human female, was considered as having ferocious strength, and was thought of as a guardian, often flanking the entrances to temples.
Sphinxes' depictions are generally associated with architectural structures such as royal tombs or religious temples.
Description
The famous Sphinx of the Naxians stood on a column that culminated in an Ionic capital.
The statue of this mythical creature stood on a towering Ionic column, which may have been the oldest Ionic construction project in the site of the Oracle of Delphi.
Her statue had been set up close to the Halos, the most sacred spot of Delphi, where Apollo had presumably killed the python.
According to tradition and its mythological representation, the Sphinx had the face of a woman bearing an enigmatic smile, prey bird wings, and the body of a lioness.
It was carved from a large piece of Naxian marble.
The solid construction combined elements that gave the statue a character of motion and vitality, such are the details that depict the hair, chest, and wings.
It is also notable because it is an early example of carving in-the-round, as opposed to relief carving that was common during that time.
The monument was made entirely of marble and reached 12.45 meters in height.
The monument created awe to the visitors and constituted a typical example of Naxian sculpture in its peak period, i.e. in the sixth century B.C.
On the base there was an inscription dated to 328-327 B.C., renewing the promanteia for the Naxians:
ΔΕΛΦΟΙ ΑΠΕΔΩΚΑΝ ΝΑΞΙΟΙΣ ΤΑΝ ΠΡΟΜΑΝΤΗΙΑΝ ΚΑΤΤΑ ΑΡΧΑΙΑ ΑΡΧΟΝΤΟΣ ΘΕΟΛΥΤΟΥ ΒΟΥΛΕΥΟΝΤΟΣ ΕΠΙΓΕΝΕΟΣ.
Delphi accorded the Naxians the right of Promanteia as before, at the time of archon Theolytos and Epigenes the Bouleutes. | Source: © Wikipedia
La Sfinge dei Nassi è una statua greca arcaica in marmo di Nasso e di ambiente nesiotico (H 222 cm x L 135 cm) datata 570-560 a.C.; è stata dedicata dalla popolazione di Nasso, nel santuario di Delfi dove è stata ritrovata in stato frammentario nella seconda metà dell'Ottocento.
È conservata al Museo Archeologico di Delfi (n. inv. 380, 1050).
Raffigura il mitico animale della mitologia egizia che fu trasportato nella cultura greca intorno a cui nacque la leggenda dell'enigma e di Edipo.
Tra i vari tipi di Sfinge, qui vediamo la versione androsfinge con testa di donna, corpo di leone ed ali di uccello; il volto ricorda molto quello delle korai, le arcaiche statue greche rappresentanti la figura femminile.
La Sfinge di Naxos si trova in cima ad una colonna ionica alta 10 m, di cui resta solo il capitello.
Secondo la tradizione, fu donata dalle genti dell'isola di Naxos all'oracolo di Delfi verso la fine del VI secolo a.C.; dunque la scultura si data intorno al 560 a.C.
Come ricordo di questa concessione, nel mito greco si racconta che la Sfinge fu inviata a Tebe da Era o da Ares dopo averla prelevata in Etiopia. | Fonte: © Wikipedia
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