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Pompei, la città sepolta dal Vesuvio

Pompei ha origini antiche quanto quelle di Roma: infatti la «gens pompeia» proveniente dagli Oschi, uno dei primi popoli italici, nell’VIII secolo a.C., fondò e diede il nome al primo aggregato urbano. Luogo di passaggio obbligato tra il nord ed il sud, tra il mare e le interne ricche vallate, ben presto Pompei diventa importante nodo viario e portuale e, pertanto, ambita preda per i potenti stati confinanti.
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Primo a sottomettere Pompei è lo Stato greco di Cuma. A questo, solo per il periodo tra il 525 e il 474 a.C., viene sottratta dagli Etruschi in piena espansione. Sul finire del quinto secolo è conquistata dai Sanniti che dalla zona appenninica di Isernia dilagano prepotentemente verso il mare Tirreno. Nel 310 a.C. anche i Sanniti vengono sconfitti dai romani e, Pompei, è consociata al nuovo Stato. Ribellatasi con la Lega Italica nell’89 a.C., viene espugnata da Silla, e pur salvandosi dalla distruzione, perde ogni residua autonomia divenendo «Colonia Veneria Cornelia P.» in onore del conquistatore. In questi seicento anni ogni popolo invasore trapianta i propri costumi e la propria arte a Pompei, soprattutto i Sanniti di cui restano, dopo quattro secoli di progressiva romanizzazione, impronte rilevanti nelle costruzioni e nell’arte.
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